1 2 3 William H. Davenport Adams, The Franco-Prussian War: Its Causes, Incidents and Consequences: with the Topography and History of the Rhine Valley by W. H. Davenport Adams, Tập 1, trang 122
↑ George Bruce Malleson, The refounding of the German empire, 1848-1871, trang 59
↑ Charles Knight, Biography: Or, Third Division of "The English Encyclopedia", trang 1051
1 2 3 4 Michael Howard, The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870–1871, các trang 19-20.
1 2 3 4 Michael Embree, Bismarck's First War: The Campaign of Schleswig & Jutland 1864, trang 35
↑ Albert Seaton, The Army of the German Empire, 1870-1888, trang 59
↑ Hannah Pakula, An Uncommon Woman: The Empress Frederick, Daughter of Queen Victoria, Wife of the Crown Prince of Prussia, Mother of Kaiser Wilhelm Von Roon, trang 165
1 2 Geoffrey Wawro, Warfare and Society in Europe, 1792- 1914, trang 76
↑ Michael Howard, The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France, 1870-1871, 22
